Agriculture
Agriculture in Israel was the most important source of income, just as in other countries in the ancient Near East. There were, however, significant differences in terrain type and climate. Not all regions were as suitable for growing crops, because there was little rainfall for a large proportion of the year. In those areas livestock farming
Terraces
From as early as the fourth millennium BC, farmers in the area had tried to adapt to the natural situation of the land. In mountainous areas terraces were used, creating a larger area for growing crops. It also meant the infrequent rainfall was better retained by the soil.
Irrigation
In dry regions, such as the Negev Desert, irrigation was used to increase the fertility of the land. By using dams and canals, natural flows of water were redirected to the fields. Rainwater was also collected in reservoirs so that it could be used in the dry summer months.
Most Important Produce
The crops that are mentioned most often in the Bible are:
- Grain crops (particularly barley and wheat); the flour was used to bake bread
. The barley was also used to brew beer. - Grape crops; grapes were eaten fresh or dried and were mostly used to make wine
. - Olive crops; olives were grown for olive oil
.
Other Agricultural Products
Besides grain, grapes and olives, the following products were important:
- fruit, such as figs, dates and pomegranates;
- pulses, such as lentils and beans;
- vegetables;
- nuts, such as almonds;
- herbs and spices, such as mint, cumin and mustard seed;
- flax, which was used to make linen.
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