Bible Society of South Africa

Deborah – lead woman, lead – Day 6

Bible text(s)

Judges 4

Deborah and Barak

1After Ehud died, the people of Israel sinned against the LORD again. 2So the LORD let them be conquered by Jabin, a Canaanite king who ruled in the city of Hazor. The commander of his army was Sisera, who lived at Harosheth-of-the-Gentiles. 3Jabin had 900 iron chariots, and he ruled the people of Israel with cruelty and violence for twenty years. Then the people of Israel cried out to the LORD for help.

4Now Deborah, the wife of Lappidoth, was a prophet, and she was serving as a judge for the Israelites at that time. 5She used to sit under a certain palm tree between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the people of Israel would go there for her decisions. 6One day she sent for Barak son of Abinoam from the city of Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, “The LORD, the God of Israel, has given you this command: ‘Take 10,000 men from the tribes of Naphtali and Zebulun and lead them to Mount Tabor. 7I will bring Sisera, the commander of Jabin's army, to fight against you at the River Kishon. He will have his chariots and soldiers, but I will give you victory over him.’ ”

8Then Barak replied, “I will go if you go with me, but if you don't go with me, I won't go either.”

9She answered, “All right, I will go with you, but you won't get any credit for the victory, because the LORD will hand Sisera over to a woman.” So Deborah set off for Kedesh with Barak. 10Barak called the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali to Kedesh, and 10,000 men followed him. Deborah went with him.

11In the meantime Heber the Kenite had set up his tent close to Kedesh near the oak tree at Zanannim. He had moved away from the other Kenites, the descendants of Hobab, the brother-in-law of Moses.

12When Sisera learnt that Barak had gone up to Mount Tabor, 13he called out his 900 iron chariots and all his men, and sent them from Harosheth-of-the-Gentiles to the River Kishon.

14Then Deborah said to Barak, “Go! The LORD is leading you! Today he has given you victory over Sisera.” So Barak went down from Mount Tabor with his 10,000 men. 15When Barak attacked with his army, the LORD threw Sisera into confusion together with all his chariots and men. Sisera got down from his chariot and fled on foot. 16Barak pursued the chariots and the army to Harosheth-of-the-Gentiles, and Sisera's whole army was killed. Not a man was left.

17Sisera ran away to the tent of Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, because King Jabin of Hazor was at peace with Heber's family. 18Jael went out to meet Sisera and said to him, “Come in, sir; come into my tent. Don't be afraid.” So he went in, and she hid him behind a curtain. 19He said to her, “Please give me a drink of water; I'm thirsty.” She opened a leather bag of milk, gave him a drink, and hid him again. 20Then he told her, “Stand at the door of the tent, and if anyone comes and asks you if someone is here, say no.”

21Sisera was so tired that he fell sound asleep. Then Jael took a hammer and a tent peg, went up to him quietly, and killed him by driving the peg right through the side of his head and into the ground. 22When Barak came looking for Sisera, Jael went out to meet him and said to him, “Come here! I'll show you the man you're looking for.” So he went in with her, and there was Sisera on the ground, dead, with the tent peg through his head.

23That day God gave the Israelites victory over Jabin, the Canaanite king. 24They pressed harder and harder against him until they destroyed him.

Judges 4:1-24GNBOpen in Bible reader

In these 24 verses of Chapter 4 in the book of Judges, we learn that a woman leader of the Israelites saved her people from the tyranny of Jabin, the Canaanite king. In Chapter 5 Deborah repeats the victory in poetry and the chapter ends reassuringly, “Then the land had peace for forty years”. This stands in stark comparison with the 40 years the Israelites spent wandering in the desert.

Judges 4 & 5 give us a glimpse into the leadership of this woman judge, warrior, prophet and poet. She is the only woman judge in the Bible and one of five women prophets in the Old Testament.
(i) Deborah judged wisely (4:5) and, like Moses, she was God’s representative (4:6).
(ii) She led with authority when the military commander, Barak, dictated conditions to the command she gives him (4:6-10).
(iii) Her prophecy to Barak, “… the honour will not be yours, for the Lord will hand Sisera over to a woman” came true when the Canaanite army commander, Sisera, was defeated by another woman, Jael (4:9-22).
(iv) Deborah has personal agency. Her decisions are directed by wisdom from God, and not because of her relationship to her husband, or another man.

1. Consider how the two women in Judges 4:1-24 challenge gender stereotypes and gender roles then, and now.

2. Women are not powerless by nature. How can this text be a resource in your context for transforming harmful theologies and traditions that render women powerless?

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