Forgiveness in the Old Testament
Forgiveness in the Old Testament mainly applies to the relationship between God and man. Man is dependent on his Creator, but is separated from him by sin
Necessity of Forgiveness
The Old Testament describes the God of Israel as a holy God. He does not tolerate transgression of his commandments. In the face of this holy God, a man is confronted with his own sinfulness. By going against God’s will, man loses the relationship with his Creator. He lives under God’s wrath, causing him to be afraid of God’s judgement (see for example Psalm 38:3-4
Forgiveness through God’s Mercy
The fact that God forgives people is ascribed to his mercy
Ways through which Forgiveness is Possible
In the Old Testament, forgiveness is made possible by, or thanks to:
- The covenant
between God and Israel: God has shown his love to Israel by choosing them as his people. He grants them forgiveness out of faithfulness to that covenant and out of his love for his people. - Sacrifices: Whoever was guilty of breaking a moral or cultic rule and was unclean
as a result of this, had to make a purification offering (Exodus 29:14 ). Through this ritual, the sin was forgiven and the impurity was removed. Another offering in case of a transgression was the repayment offering (Leviticus 5:16 ). Originally, this offering was primarily a fine of sorts if someone had caused another person harm. - Remorse: Particularly in the prophetic texts, there is a call to sincere remorse and repentance. Many prophets
see this as more important than making the correct sacrifices for a transgression (see for instance Hosea 6:6 ).
Related Bible passages
Exodus 29.14 Exodus 34.6 - Exodus 34.9 Leviticus 5.16 Psalms 38.4 Isaiah 60.10 Daniel 9.16 Hosea 6.6Read more?
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